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Diesel Engine Working Characteristics and Failure Causes

2022-10-13

 1. The combustion method is compression ignition
 
Because the combustion mode of diesel engine is compression ignition, it can also be called compression ignition engine. To ensure the normal operation of the diesel engine, it must have sufficient compression ignition and fuel supply conditions. Through the cooperation of the valve train, the fuel supply system and the combustion chamber, a good-quality oil-air mixture is formed. At the same time, the compression system should ensure that the temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the end of compression meet the self-ignition conditions of the oil-air mixture. If the valve clearance is too small, air leakage or insufficient tightening torque of cylinder head bolts, loose, cylinder gasket damage, piston ring wear and cementation, opening coincidence and other faults, the temperature of the compressed air in the combustion chamber will not reach the oil-air mixture. The auto-ignition temperature (330 ℃).
 
2. The formation of combustible mixture has strict requirements on functional components
 
Since the time for the formation of the combustible mixture of the diesel engine is extremely short, the crankshaft angle is only about 15° to 35° from the start of fuel injection by the injector to the end of the combustion. In order to form a good-quality combustible mixture in such a very short time and fully burn it, it is necessary to adopt reasonable structural measures for the diesel engine supply system and combustion chamber, and to ensure the high quality of fuel.
3. The working conditions of each cylinder are quite different
 
Multi-cylinder diesel engines require the consistency of the necessary conditions such as compression pressure, temperature, fuel injection condition, and atomization quality of each cylinder. However, due to the influence of factors such as machining accuracy, mechanical action, and physical and chemical changes, the mixture formed by each cylinder The concentration and combustion conditions are quite different. When the diesel engine is working, it is prone to malfunctions such as uneven operation and unstable rotation speed. Since there are many parts of the diesel engine that need to be manually adjusted, such as valve clearance, decompression clearance, fuel injection pressure, fuel supply, etc., it is impossible to make each cylinder exactly the same, and it also increases the working conditions of each cylinder to a certain extent. difference.