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Wear and influence of automobile engine piston ring

2021-08-03

1. The piston ring reciprocates between the top and bottom dead points, and the speed changes from a static state to about 30m/s, and it changes greatly in this way.

2. When doing reciprocating motion, the cylinder pressure changes greatly during the intake, compression, work and exhaust strokes of the working cycle.

3. Because of the influence of the combustion stroke, the movement of the piston ring is often carried out at high temperature, especially the gas ring. Under the chemical action of high temperature and high pressure and combustion products, the oil film is difficult to establish, so that it can achieve complete lubrication. Difficult, and often in a state of critical lubrication.
Among them, the material and shape of the piston ring, the material and structure of the cylinder liner piston, the lubrication state, the structural form of the engine, the operating conditions, and the quality of fuel and lubricating oil are the main factors. Of course, in the same cylinder, the influence of the lubrication state on the wear of the piston ring is correct. The ideal lubrication between the two sliding surfaces is that there is a uniform oil film between the two sliding surfaces. However, this situation does not exist in fact, especially for the air ring, due to the influence of high temperature, it is difficult to establish a more ideal lubrication state.


How to reduce the wear of piston rings

There are many factors that affect piston ring wear, and these factors are often intertwined. In addition, the type of engine and the use conditions are different, and the wear of the piston ring is also very different. Therefore, the problem cannot be solved by improving the structure and material of the piston ring itself. It can mainly start from the following aspects: piston ring and cylinder liner Material and good matching; surface treatment; structural state; selection of lubricating oil and additives; deformation of cylinder liner and piston due to heat during assembly and operation.

Piston ring wear can be divided into normal wear, scratches and abrasions, but these wear phenomena will not occur alone, and will occur at the same time, and will affect at the same time. Generally speaking, the sliding surface wear is larger than the upper and lower end wear surfaces. The sliding surface is mainly the wear of abrasives, while the upper and lower end wear is caused by repeated movement. However, if the piston is abnormal, it may deform and wear.